The pulley Simulation created by Walter Fendt, 1998

Already known to the Babylonians in
the 9th century BC, the pulley enables
lifting of a weight to a height far greater
than would be possible with the simple
outstretched arms of a man.

However, in addition to this practical
advantage, its most remarkable property
is its ability to reduce the force required
and thus enable lifting of very heavy
loads.